Industrial salts are manufactured by the use of natural resources such as rock salt deposits or natural brine such as sea water and salty lakes. These are produced by conventional mining, vacuum evaporation or solar evaporation processes. Industrial salts are used in the chemical processing, de-icing, water treatment, oil & gas, agriculture among others owing to their availability in large quantities and cost-effectiveness.

Pre-insulated pipes are layered pipes, which consist of a carrier pipe, insulation layer, and outer casing/jacketing. These layers are made using different raw materials, which depend on the end-use industry for which these pipes are required. Traditionally, pre-insulated pipes are used to enable energy conservation by preventing energy loss to the environment, which boosts cost savings. Energy loss is prevented by using effective insulation materials and providing appropriate jacketing to the carrier pipe. The most common end-use industries of pre-insulated pipes are district heating & cooling, oil & gas, infrastructure & utility, food processing, pharmaceutical, and chemical, water treatment, and wineries.